The Volta Region Health Directorate has launched an urgent polio vaccination campaign to combat the resurgence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). This initiative underscores Ghana’s commitment to eradicating polio and protecting children’s health, especially in light of a confirmed cVDPV2 case linked to an imported strain from Algeria.
Dr. Senanu Kwesi Djokoto, the Deputy Director of Public Health, stressed the importance of collective action in breaking the transmission cycle of cVDPV2. He described the campaign as not just a health initiative but a national responsibility. “Together, we must prioritize the health of our children and take one step closer to a polio-free Ghana,” Dr. Djokoto said.
Polio Threat in Ghana
On September 6, 2024, Ghana Health Service confirmed a cVDPV2 case at the Koforidua Environmental Surveillance site, highlighting vulnerabilities caused by low immunization rates and poor sanitation. Ghana has recorded several cVDPV2 cases since 2019, reinforcing the urgent need for heightened immunization efforts to protect children from polio.
Polio Vaccination Campaign Details
- Target Group: Children under five years old
- Vaccine: Novel Oral Polio Vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), designed to offer enhanced genetic stability and effectiveness against outbreaks.
- Campaign Rounds:
- Round 1: October 17–20, 2024
- Round 2: November 21–24, 2024
- Implementation Strategy: House-to-house vaccinations, supplemented by fixed vaccination sites at schools, crèches, and community centers.
Key Objectives of the Campaign
- Raise Immunity: Boosting population immunity to prevent the spread of cVDPV2.
- Enhance Surveillance: Strengthening nationwide polio disease monitoring.
- Prevent Future Outbreaks: Ensuring no child is left unvaccinated to reduce vulnerability.
Emmanuel Binsu, the Expanded Programme on Immunisation Coordinator for the Volta Region, emphasized the importance of community participation. “Parents must make their children available for vaccination. This is vital for securing a polio-free future,” he urged.
As part of Ghana’s broader Polio Endgame Strategy, the introduction of a second dose of the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) into the routine immunization schedule will further bolster immunity against all poliovirus types and complement efforts to phase out the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), aiming for global eradication.
Cholera Outbreak: Ghana on High Alert
Alongside the polio campaign, Ghana is also facing a cholera outbreak. As of November 14, 2024, the Ghana Health Service reported:
- New Suspected Cases: 208
- Cumulative Cases: 1,726 (131 confirmed)
- Cumulative Deaths: 16
- Regions Affected: Greater Accra, Central, Western, and Eastern
Measures to Control the Cholera Outbreak
Dr. Djokoto outlined several actions to contain the outbreak:
- Emergency Coordination: Rapid response teams, resource mobilization, and operational committees at all administrative levels.
- Enhanced Surveillance: Intensified monitoring and contact tracing across districts.
- Case Management: Establishment of treatment centers and oral rehydration points, along with training for healthcare workers.
- Community Engagement: Distribution of educational materials and active engagement through schools, media, and forums.
- Sanitation and Hygiene: Promotion of proper hygiene practices, disinfection of affected areas, and monitoring of food vendors.
Preventive Measures for Cholera
- Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and clean water.
- Safe Drinking Water: Boil or treat water before consumption.
- Food Safety: Thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables and ensure food is properly cooked.
- Sanitation: Proper waste disposal and avoiding open defecation.
Dr. Djokoto called on communities to take an active role in preventing further spread of cholera, emphasizing the importance of collective effort. “We need the cooperation of everyone—individuals, communities, and stakeholders—to stop the spread of cholera,” he said.
Community Support for Health Initiatives
During a risk communication session chaired by Nama Kuma II, the Queen of Ho Ahoe, stakeholders were urged to support both the vaccination campaign and efforts to contain cholera. Collaboration among parents, community leaders, educators, and healthcare workers was emphasized as key to achieving the campaign’s goals.
A Dual Health Challenge
Ghana is facing a dual public health challenge—combating polio and containing cholera. While the polio vaccination campaign seeks to ensure a healthier future for children, the cholera response underscores the need for vigilance and collective responsibility. Together, these initiatives reflect Ghana’s strong commitment to protecting public health and preventing further disease outbreaks.
